Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

J-STEM is committed to maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the scholarly record. When errors or ethical concerns are identified in published articles, the journal takes appropriate action in accordance with internationally recognized publishing standards and COPE guidelines.

Corrections

Minor errors that do not affect the overall findings, data interpretation, or conclusions of the article may be corrected through a formal Correction notice. The correction will be linked to the original article and clearly describe the nature of the change.

Retractions

Retraction may occur in cases involving:

• Evidence of data fabrication or falsification

• Plagiarism or duplicate publication

• Serious methodological errors that invalidate findings

• Ethical violations in research conduct

Retraction notices will:

• Be clearly labeled as “Retraction”

• Be linked to the original article

• Remain permanently available online

• Clearly state the reason for retraction

The original article will remain accessible but will be clearly marked as retracted to preserve the scholarly record.

Expressions of Concern

If an investigation is ongoing and conclusive evidence is not yet available, the journal may issue an Expression of Concern to inform readers of potential issues.

All decisions regarding corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern are made by the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with the Editorial Board and in accordance with COPE flowcharts.